Ambrose Powell Hill

Known for his red battle shirt and his hard-hitting attacks at the head of the famed Light Division, Ambrose P. Hill proved to be an example of the Peter principle.

Military

In reserve at lst Bull Run, he fought at Yorktown and Williamsburg before being given command of a division. On the day he assumed command he directed the fight at Hanover Court House. He then took part in the Seven Days, distinguishing himself. After fighting at Cedar Mountain, 2nd Bull Run, and the capture of Harpers Ferry, he launched powerful counterattacks at the right moment at both Antietam and Fredericksburg. At Chancellorsville he was on Jackson’s famed march around the Union right flank. When Jackson was wounded, Hill took command of the corps but was wounded carrying out his chief’s orders to “press right in.” At the end of the month he was given command of the new 3rd Corps, which he led to Gettysburg where, suffering from a now unidentifiable illness, he put in a lackluster performance.

He was responsible for the disaster at Bristoe Station that fall and, again ill, was virtually circumvented at the Wilderness when Lee in effect took over command of the corps. He relinquished command temporarily after the battle and missed Spotsylvania but returned for the North Anna and Cold Harbor. Taking part in the siege of Petersburg, he was again ill during part of the winter of 186465. With the lines around the city collapsing on April 2, 1865, he was shot and killed in an encounter with a stray group of federal soldiers.

Interestingly enough, both Stonewall Jackson and Lee called for Hill and his division in their dying delirium. It must have been the old Hill they were recalling.

Military Achievements

Colonel, 13th Virginia (spring 1861)
Brigadier General, CSA (February 26, 1862)
Commanding Brigade, Longstreet's Division, Department of Northern Virginia (ca. February 26 - May 27, 1862)
Major General, CSA (May 26, 1862)
Commanding Light Division (in lst Corps from June 29 and 2nd Corps from July 27, 1862)
Army of Northern Virginia (May 27, 1862 - May 2, 1863)
Commanding 2nd Corps, Army of Northern Virginia (May 2 and 6-30, 1863)
Lieutenant general, CSA (May 24, 1863)
Commanding 3rd Corps, Army of Northern Virginia (May 30, 1863-May 7, 1864 and May 21, 1864-April 2, 1865)

(Hassler, William W., A.P. Hill: Lee’s Forgotten General and Schenck, Martin, Up Came Hill.- The Story of the Light Division and of its Leaders)