Benedict Arnold’s issued commands to “the captain of liberty”

Just weeks after war broke out at Lexington and Concord, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, working in grudging consort,captured Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain, as well as the settlement of Skenesborough (now Whitehall) at the southern end of the lake. Under orders from Arnold, Eleazer Oswald also captured a small vessel there. Oswald reported: “We…

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General Washington’s Council of War

A.H. Ritchie’s 1856 engraving entitled “Washington and His Generals” is a creative, imaginary scene, as the dozens of generals shown assembled never congregated in such numbers in one place. For some odd reason, Ritchie depicted Maj. Gen. Charles Lee standing closest at the table with Washington, rather than the loyal and important Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene. Lee…

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Benjamin’s Rush: Early American Science

The basic ground rules of this spirit of inquiry are encapsulated in the title of Benjamin Franklin’s ground-breaking work Experiments and Observations on Electricity (London, 1751; shelfmark: 538.l.5.(6)) just as they are in Medical Inquiries and Observations (4 Vols., Philadelphia, 1805; shelfmark MFR/3019 1 Reel 36:1), the most important writings of Franklin’s friend and fellow Philadelphian, Benjamin Rush (1746-1813).…

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The Founding of Virginia Colony

In 1607, Jamestown became Great Britain’s first settlement in North America, the first foothold of the Virginia Colony. Its permanency came after three failed attempts by Sir Walter Raleigh beginning in 1586 to attempt to establish a stronghold in the land he called Virginia after his queen, Elizabeth I. And its continued survival was very…

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Battle Archives

The Battles of Lexington and ConcordThe Siege of Fort TiconderogaThe Battle of Chelsea CreekThe Battle of Bunker (Breeds) HillThe Battle of QuebecThe Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn Heights)The Battle of White PlainsThe Battle of Fort WashingtonThe Battle of TrentonThe Battle of PrincetonThe Battle of OriskanyThe Battle of Bennington The Battle of BrandywineThe Battle of Saratoga…

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